Trước hết cần có sự khảo sát cụ thể về công trình như. Khu vực đó có hay bị sét đánh, công trình cần bảo vệ có nguy cơ cao hơn so với những công trình lân cận hay không ? Tầm quan trọng của đối tượng cần được bảo vệ, diện tích tổng thể cần được bảo vệ, bố trì điểm lắp đặt kim thu sét + đi dây + bãi tiếp địa.Từ đó ta đưa ra phương án bảo vệ phù hợp nhất
Để một công trình chống sét hiệu quả và phù hợp chúng tôi sẽ hướng dẫn các bước tiến hành thi công sau
Bước 1: Định vị vị trí thi công bãi tiếp địa đảm bảo tránh các công trình ngầm như cáp ngầm, hệ thống ống nước và các hạ tầng bên dưới lòng đất khác, kiểm tra tính chất đất tại nơi thi công bãi tiếp địa. Có thể sử dụng 3 phương pháp thi công tiếp địa, đào rãnh, khoan giếng, dùng máy nén cọc. Tùy vào địa hình và tính chất đất sau đó liên kết các cọc cọc tiếp địa lại với nhau bằng Kẹp tiếp địa hoặc hàn hóa nhiệt đảm bảo điện trở đo < 10Ω theo tiêu chuẩn chống sét hiện hành TCVN 9385-2012
Bước 2: Kéo rải dây dẫn sét từ bãi tiếp địa lên vị trí lắp kim thu sét. Có thể sử dụng dây cáp đồng trần hoặc cáp đồng bọc hoặc thép mạ kẽm. lựa chọn phương pháp đi dây tuân thủ kỷ thuật lắp đặt và mang tính thẩm mỹ cho công trình ( hạn chế gấp khúc quá lớn đối với dây dẫn sét, hạn chế các mối đấu nối, nên là một đường dẫn liên tục ) định vị dây vào tường, có thể luồn ống gen đi ngoài tường hoặc đi theo đường ống nước, hộp kỹ thuật )
Bước 3: Gia công cột đỡ kim thu sét dựa vào hiện trạng của từng công trình, cột đỡ kim thu sét nên được gia công bằng thép mạ kẽm hoặc inox để đảm bảo được công trình vài chục năm cho đến trăm năm, bắt dây neo tăng đơ cho cột để gia cố thêm phần chịu lực cho cột khi có gió bão lớn
Bước 4: kết nối kim thu sét với dây dẫn sét, sử dụng khớp nối nhựa composite để cách điện giữa kim thu sét và cột đỡ kim thu sét
Bước 5: Lựa chọn vị trí và lắp đặt hộp kiểm tra điện trở nhằm không ảnh hưởng tới tính thẩm mỹ của công trình, nhưng vẫn đảm bảo thuận lợi cho việc đo và kiểm tra điện trở khi cần thiết
Bước 6: kết nối cáp thoát sét vào bãi tiếp địa bằng phương pháp hàn hóa nhiệt hoặc dùng kẹp tiếp địa chuyên dụng để kết nối
Bước 7: Tiến hành đo đạc lần cuối điện trở tiếp đất của hệ thống, thu dọn và trả lại hiện trạng mặt bằng.
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